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24 December 2025

  • 03:4603:46, 24 December 2025 (2)3.2 Plea Standards (hist | edit) [2,832 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= (2)3.2 Plea Standards = This section establishes the standards and procedures for the acceptance of pleas in court. It ensures that any plea entered by a defendant is voluntary, knowing, and intelligent, and provides the court with criteria for evaluating and recording pleas. It also sets forth circumstances under which a plea may be rejected. == (2)3.2.1 Authority and Scope == A defendant may enter a plea in accordance with law, through counsel or self-representatio...")

22 December 2025

  • 22:4222:42, 22 December 2025 (4)9.2.5 Special Considerations (hist | edit) [385 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* Competency determinations must respect the defendant’s constitutional rights and ensure procedural fairness. * In cases of long-term incompetency, the court may consider alternatives including civil commitment or referral to appropriate civil authorities, without violating due process. * No enhanced penalty or adverse inference shall result solely from a finding of incompetency.")
  • 22:4022:40, 22 December 2025 (4)9.2.4 Determination and Proceedings (hist | edit) [746 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Hearing</b>. * The court shall hold a hearing to consider evidence and expert reports regarding competency. * The defendant shall have the right to counsel, to present evidence, and to cross-examine witnesses. (b) <b>Ruling</b>. * If the court finds the defendant competent, proceedings continue as scheduled. * If the court finds the defendant incompetent, the court shall suspend proceedings and order appropriate treatment or interventions to restore competency....")
  • 22:3922:39, 22 December 2025 (4)9.2.3 Competency Evaluation (hist | edit) [799 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Appointment of Experts</b>. The court shall appoint qualified mental health professionals to conduct a competency evaluation when a bona fide question is raised. (b) <b>Scope of Evaluation</b>. * Evaluators shall assess the defendant’s understanding of the proceedings, ability to communicate with counsel, and capacity to participate meaningfully in their defense. * Evaluators may review medical, psychiatric, and psychological records, conduct interviews, and...")
  • 22:3622:36, 22 December 2025 (4)9.2.2 Initiating Competency Evaluation (hist | edit) [579 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Motion or Sua Sponte Determination</b>. * Either party may file a motion raising a bona fide question of the defendant’s competency. * The court may also raise the question sua sponte when there is reasonable cause to doubt competency. (b) <b>Factors Considered</b>. In evaluating competency, the court may consider: # Mental or cognitive impairments; # Developmental disabilities; # Medication or substance effects; # Observed behavior in court; and # Any exper...")
  • 22:3422:34, 22 December 2025 (4)9.2.1 General Rule (hist | edit) [304 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Competency Requirement</b>. A defendant must be competent to: * Understand the nature and objectives of the proceedings; and * Assist counsel in the preparation and presentation of a defense. (b) <b>Presumption</b>. All defendants are presumed competent unless evidence demonstrates otherwise.")
  • 22:2122:21, 22 December 2025 (7)5 Special Vehicle Classes (hist | edit) [6,100 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__FORCETOC__ = (7)5 Special Vehicle Classes = This chapter provides statutes relating to special vehicle classes for Title 7 of this code. == (7)5.1 Recreational Vehicles == == (7)5.2 Semi-Trucks == == (7)5.3 Trailers == == (7)5.4 Agriculture Vehicles == == (7)5.5 Off-Road Vehicles == == (7)5.6 Maritime Vessels ==")
  • 22:0922:09, 22 December 2025 (4)6.9.4 Judicial Oversight (hist | edit) [268 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* The court may manage all post-verdict proceedings to ensure fairness, procedural compliance, and protection of parties’ rights. * Any irregularities, disputes, or motions shall be addressed promptly to preserve the integrity of the trial and subsequent sentencing.")
  • 22:0822:08, 22 December 2025 (4)6.9.3 Sentencing Preparation (hist | edit) [622 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Transition to Sentencing</b>. * Following the resolution of post-verdict motions, the court shall schedule sentencing in accordance with Title 4, Chapter 7 (Sentencing Guidelines). * Pre-sentencing reports, victim impact statements, and other relevant materials may be prepared and reviewed in advance. (b) <b>Defendant Rights</b>. * The defendant shall be afforded notice of sentencing proceedings and an opportunity to present mitigating factors or allocution. *...")
  • 22:0822:08, 22 December 2025 (4)6.9.2 Motions Following Verdict (hist | edit) [788 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict (JNOV)</b>. * Either party may move for JNOV if they believe the verdict is legally unsupported by the evidence. * The court shall rule based on the evidence presented and applicable law without retrying the case. (b) <b>Motion for New Trial</b>. * A party may move for a new trial on grounds such as procedural error, juror misconduct, newly discovered evidence, or other substantial irregularities. * The court shal...")
  • 22:0522:05, 22 December 2025 (4)6.9.1 Verification and Announcement (hist | edit) [474 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Recording the Verdict</b>. * The court shall formally record the jury’s verdict in the official court docket. * The verdict shall be read aloud in open court to ensure all parties and the defendant are informed. (b) <b>Poll of the Jury</b>. * Any party may request that the court poll the jury to confirm each juror’s concurrence with the verdict. * Polling ensures accuracy and compliance with requirements for unanimity or other prescribed verdict standards.")
  • 22:0222:02, 22 December 2025 (4)6.8.4 Special Considerations (hist | edit) [356 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* The court may provide additional instructions regarding multiple counts, multiple defendants, or complex charges. * Jurors shall not be influenced by public opinion, media, or outside communications during deliberation. * Any violations of deliberation rules may be addressed by the court, including possible mistrial or disciplinary measures for jurors.")
  • 22:0122:01, 22 December 2025 (4)6.8.3 Polling and Reporting (hist | edit) [430 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Polling the Jury</b>. Upon announcement of the verdict, any party may request that the court poll individual jurors to ensure the verdict is unanimous or in compliance with court instructions. (b) <b>Official Reporting</b>. * The jury’s verdict shall be formally recorded in the court docket and read aloud in open court. * The court may address any irregularities or ambiguities before formally accepting the verdict.")
  • 21:5921:59, 22 December 2025 (4)6.8.2 Reaching a Verdict (hist | edit) [603 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Unanimous vs. Special Verdicts</b>. * The court shall specify whether a unanimous verdict is required or if a special verdict, supermajority, or other procedure applies. * In cases requiring unanimity, the court may provide additional instructions or polling procedures if the jury indicates difficulty in reaching agreement. (b) <b>Deadlock or Hung Jury</b>. * If the jury is unable to reach a required verdict within a reasonable time, the court may declare a mis...")
  • 21:5621:56, 22 December 2025 (4)6.8.1 Deliberation Procedures (hist | edit) [962 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Sequestration and Privacy</b>. * Jurors shall deliberate in private and shall not discuss the case with non-jurors during deliberations. * All materials, evidence, and notes provided during trial shall remain in the jury room and shall not be removed. (b) <b>Instructions and Reference Materials</b>. * Jurors may review evidence and notes taken during trial, subject to court approval. * Jurors shall have access to the court’s instructions on the law, elements...")
  • 21:5221:52, 22 December 2025 (4)6.7.2 Order of Presentation & Judicial Oversight (hist | edit) [908 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Prosecution or Plaintiff</b>. The prosecution or plaintiff generally presents its closing statement first unless the court orders otherwise. (b) <b>Defense</b>. The defense shall present its closing statement immediately following the prosecution or plaintiff, unless the court permits an alternative order for good cause. (c) <b>Rebuttal</b>. The prosecution or plaintiff may be allowed a brief rebuttal to respond to points raised by the defense, subject to cou...")
  • 21:5021:50, 22 December 2025 (4)6.7.1 Purpose of Closing Statements (hist | edit) [701 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Overview</b>. Closing statements allow each party to: * Summarize the evidence and testimony presented during trial; * Explain how the evidence supports their legal theories, defenses, or charges; * Emphasize facts or points favorable to their case without introducing new evidence; and * Persuade the jury to reach a verdict consistent with the law and the trial record. (b) <b>Limitations</b>. * Counsel may not introduce new facts, exhibits, or testimony not al...")
  • 21:2121:21, 22 December 2025 (4)6.6.5 Judicial Oversight (hist | edit) [1,555 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>General Authority</b>. The court shall maintain control over the examination of witnesses and presentation of evidence to ensure: * Compliance with the rules of evidence (Title 4, Chapter 5); * Fairness and impartiality for all parties; * Orderly and efficient proceedings; and * Protection of the jury from undue influence or confusion. (b) <b>Intervention Powers</b>. The court may intervene sua sponte or on objection to: * Prevent improper questioning, harass...")
  • 21:2021:20, 22 December 2025 (4)6.6.4 Expert Witnesses (hist | edit) [1,904 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Qualifications</b>. The court shall determine that any witness offering expert testimony meets the required standards of expertise, including: # Education, training, or experience relevant to the subject matter; # Familiarity with recognized methodologies and best practices in the field; and # Demonstrated ability to provide reliable opinions based on facts of the case. (b) <b>Scope of Testimony</b>. * Expert testimony shall be limited to matters within the ex...")
  • 21:1721:17, 22 December 2025 (4)6.6.3 Objections During Examination (hist | edit) [2,377 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Raising Objections</b>. During direct or cross-examination, counsel may raise objections to questions, testimony, or exhibits that appear to violate the rules of evidence, including but not limited to: * <b>Relevance</b> – evidence or questions that do not make a fact of consequence more or less probable (see (4)5.1.1); * <b>Prejudice</b> – evidence whose probative value is substantially outweighed by...")
  • 21:1121:11, 22 December 2025 (4)6.6.2 Cross-Examination (hist | edit) [2,116 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Purpose</b>. Cross-examination is conducted to: * test the credibility, reliability, and accuracy of the witness; * clarify, challenge, or qualify testimony elicited during direct examination; and * highlight inconsistencies, biases, or omissions in witness statements. (b) <b>Conduct</b>. Counsel shall: * ask questions in a clear, sequential, and non-argumentative manner; * remain within the scope of topics covered during direct examination, unless the court...")
  • 20:2120:21, 22 December 2025 (4)6.6.1 Direct Examination (hist | edit) [1,973 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Conduct</b>. Counsel shall elicit testimony from witnesses in a clear and orderly manner, limited to matters relevant to the charges or defenses. (b) <b>Scope</b>. # Questions must pertain to facts within the witness’s knowledge or expertise. # Counsel may introduce exhibits or demonstratives as necessary, subject to authentication and court approval. # Leading questions are generally not permitted on direct examination except for preliminary or uncontested m...")
  • 20:1720:17, 22 December 2025 (4)6.5.2 Order of Presentation (hist | edit) [585 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Prosecution or Plaintiff</b>. The prosecution or plaintiff shall generally present their opening statement first, unless the court orders otherwise. (b) <b>Defense</b>. The defense shall present its opening statement immediately following the prosecution or plaintiff, unless the court permits a later presentation for good cause. (c) <b>Judicial Oversight</b>. The court may: # limit the length or content of opening statements; # require statements to remain f...")
  • 20:1520:15, 22 December 2025 (4)6.5.1 Purpose of Opening Statements (hist | edit) [543 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Overview</b>. Opening statements provide each party an opportunity to: # outline the facts they intend to prove; # explain the elements of the charges or defenses; and # inform the jury of the sequence and nature of anticipated evidence and witnesses. (b) <b>Limitations</b>. # Parties may not argue or comment on the credibility of witnesses during opening statements. # Statements must be confined to evidence the party reasonably expects to present. # Improper...")
  • 20:1120:11, 22 December 2025 (4)6.4.1 Preparing Witnesses (hist | edit) [1,211 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Pre-Trial Preparation</b>. Counsel may meet with witnesses prior to trial to: # review the subject matter of testimony; # clarify the scope of questions likely to be asked; # familiarize the witness with courtroom procedures; and # advise on appropriate conduct while under oath. (b) <b>Limits on Coaching</b>. Counsel shall not instruct witnesses to: * provide false or misleading testimony; * fabricate facts or evidence; or * withhold information required by l...")
  • 20:0520:05, 22 December 2025 (4)6.3.2 Final Instructions (hist | edit) [893 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Elements of Offense</b>. The court shall review each offense charged, including the necessary elements that must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. (b) <b>Consideration of Evidence</b>. Jurors shall be instructed on how to properly consider: # direct and circumstantial evidence; # testimony of witnesses, including credibility assessments; and # exhibits and other admitted materials. (c) <b>Verdict Procedure</b>. The court shall instruct the jury regarding:...")
  • 20:0120:01, 22 December 2025 (4)6.3.1 Pre-Evidence Instructions (hist | edit) [710 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Presumption of Innocence</b>. The court shall instruct the jury that the defendant is presumed innocent and that this presumption remains throughout the trial unless and until the prosecution proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. (b) <b>Burdens of Proof</b>. Jurors shall be instructed on: # the prosecution’s burden to prove each element of the charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt; and # the defendant’s right to remain silent and not present evidence...")
  • 19:5319:53, 22 December 2025 (4)6.2.2 Objections and Evidentiary Screening (hist | edit) [2,279 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Objections</b>. During trial, counsel may raise objections regarding the admissibility, form, or relevance of evidence. The court shall rule on all objections in accordance with Title 4, Chapter 5 and applicable law. (b) <b>Types of Objections</b>. Objections may include, but are not limited to: * <b>Relevance</b> – evidence that does not make a fact of consequence more or less probable (see (4)5_Evidentiary_Screening#(4)5.1....")
  • 19:4519:45, 22 December 2025 (4)6.2.1 Pre-Trial Motions (hist | edit) [1,215 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Filing and Timing</b>. All pre-trial motions must be submitted in writing and filed with the court before the commencement of trial, unless the court permits an oral motion during proceedings for good cause. (b) <b>Types of Pre-Trial Motions</b>. Common pre-trial motions may include, but are not limited to: * Motion to suppress evidence obtained in violation of law; * Motion to dismiss charges for lack of probable cause or procedural defects; * Motion in limin...")
  • 19:4219:42, 22 December 2025 (4)6.1.2 Juror Conduct and Oaths (hist | edit) [786 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Oath of Service</b>. Jurors shall swear or affirm to: * impartially evaluate all evidence presented; * follow the court’s instructions regarding the law; and * maintain confidentiality regarding deliberations. (b) <b>Prohibited Conduct</b>. Jurors shall not: * discuss the case outside of official deliberations; * access or consume media, communications, or information relating to the case outside the courtroom; * conduct independent investigations or interv...")
  • 19:3919:39, 22 December 2025 (4)6.1.1 Voir Dire (hist | edit) [1,244 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Questioning Potential Jurors</b>. The court and counsel may question prospective jurors to determine: # impartiality regarding the case; # familiarity with any parties, witnesses, or law enforcement involved; and # potential biases arising from personal experiences or beliefs. (b) <b>Peremptory Challenges</b>. The court may, in its discretion, permit each party to exercise peremptory challenges to dismiss a limited number of prospective jurors without stating...")
  • 19:3419:34, 22 December 2025 (4)6 Trial (hist | edit) [2,618 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__FORCETOC__ =(4)6 Trial= This chapter provides guidelines for trial. == (4)6.1 Jury Selection == Jury selection ensures an impartial panel capable of evaluating evidence and determining guilt or innocence fairly. The process shall comply with all applicable rules regarding voir dire, challenges, and juror qualifications. (4)6.1.1 Voir Dire (4)6.1.2 Juror Conduct and Oaths == (4)6.2 Preliminary Matters == This section provides guidelines for addressing pre-tr...")
  • 19:1519:15, 22 December 2025 (7)6.2.3 Duty of Responsibility on Private Roadways (hist | edit) [1,299 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Reporting Requirement</b>. Any driver involved in a collision on a private roadway or property, including parking lots or driveways, that results in: # bodily injury or death, or # property damage of any amount or value, shall immediately stop at the scene and report the collision to the property owner or manager and, if applicable, to local law enforcement. (b) <b>Information to Provide</b>. The driver must provide the following information when reporting:...")
  • 19:1419:14, 22 December 2025 (7)6.2.2 Maritime Collision Duty to Report (hist | edit) [1,406 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Reporting Requirement</b>. Any operator of a vessel who is involved in a collision on navigable waters that results in: # bodily injury or death, or # property damage of any amount or value, shall immediately stop their vessel at the scene and report the collision to the appropriate maritime authority or law enforcement agency. (b) <b>Information to Provide</b>. The operator must provide the following information when reporting: # name, address, and identifi...")
  • 19:1219:12, 22 December 2025 (7)6.2.1 Commercial Vehicle Obligation to Report (hist | edit) [1,554 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Reporting Requirement</b>. Any driver operating a commercial vehicle, including vehicles carrying heavy machinery or hazardous materials, who is involved in a collision resulting in: # bodily injury or death, or # property damage of any amount or value, shall immediately stop at the scene and report the collision to the appropriate law enforcement agency and the vehicle’s employer or dispatch office. (b) <b>Information to Provide</b>. The driver must provid...")
  • 19:0919:09, 22 December 2025 (7)6.1.2 Duty to Report Collision - Witness (hist | edit) [943 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) <b>Reporting Requirement</b>. Any person who witnesses a motor vehicle collision that results in bodily injury or death and who is present at the scene shall report the collision to the appropriate law enforcement agency if no driver at the scene is able or willing to report. (b) <b>Information to Provide</b>. The witness must provide the following information when reporting: #name, address, and contact information; #description of the collision circumstances; #i...")
  • 19:0519:05, 22 December 2025 (7)6.1.1 Duty to Report Collision - Driver (hist | edit) [1,179 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "(a) Reporting Requirement. Any driver involved in a motor vehicle collision resulting in: * bodily injury or death, or * property damage of any amount or value, shall immediately stop at the scene and report the collision to the appropriate law enforcement agency. (b) Information to Provide. The driver must provide the following information when reporting: # name, address, and driver’s license number; # vehicle registration information; # description of the collisi...")
  • 18:5018:50, 22 December 2025 (7)3.1.8 Left Turn Yield (hist | edit) [723 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A driver making a left turn at an intersection shall: (a) Yield to oncoming traffic: Drivers shall wait for oncoming vehicles to clear the intersection or for a safe gap before initiating a left turn. (b) Yield to pedestrians and bicyclists: Drivers shall allow pedestrians in crosswalks and bicyclists traveling straight through the intersection...")
  • 17:5217:52, 22 December 2025 (7)7.2.1 Infraction Penalty Grid (hist | edit) [1,353 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<table cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <th style="border:1px solid #000;">Infraction Level</th> <th style="border:1px solid #000;">Minimum Fine</th> <th style="border:1px solid #000;">Maximum Fine</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #000; text-align:center;">Level 1</td> <td style="border:1px solid #000; text-align:center;">$50</td> <td style="border:1px solid #000; text-align:center;">$150</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="bo...")
  • 17:4817:48, 22 December 2025 (7)2.4 Agricultural Exemptions (hist | edit) [1,934 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__FORCETOC__ =(7)2.4 Agricultural Exemptions= This section provides limited exemptions to certain provisions of Title 7 for agricultural operations when such exemptions are reasonably necessary to conduct lawful farming or ranching activities. == (7)2.4.1 Scope == (a) This section applies only to vehicles, implements, and operators lawfully engaged in agricultural activity, including farming, ranching, or livestock operations. (b) Exemptions under this section ap...")
  • 17:4617:46, 22 December 2025 (7)2.3 Construction Exemptions (hist | edit) [1,917 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__FORCETOC__ =(7)2.3 Construction Exemptions= This section provides limited exemptions to certain provisions of Title 7 for lawful construction, maintenance, and public works activities when conducted in the ordinary course of such work. == (7)2.3.1 Scope == (a) This section applies only to vehicles, equipment, and operators lawfully engaged in construction, maintenance, utility, or public works activity. (b) Exemptions under this section apply only while activel...")
  • 17:4117:41, 22 December 2025 (7)2.2 Life Saving Measures Exemptions (hist | edit) [1,274 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__FORCETOC__ =(7)2.2 Life Saving Measures Exemption= This section provides a limited exemption from certain provisions of Title 7 for ordinary citizens who, acting in good faith, take necessary action in the pursuit of life-saving care. == (7)2.2.1 Scope == (a) This section applies only to qualified drivers licensed by the appropriate authority. (b) Exemptions under this section are limited to actions taken while directly pursuing immediate life-saving care for th...")
  • 16:4016:40, 22 December 2025 Civil Codes TBD (hist | edit) [267 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The civil statutes of this code are <b>to be decided</b>... Meanwhile, why not check out... * Title 1 - Principals of Law * Title 4 - Criminal Procedure * Title 6 - Criminal Statutes * Title 7 - Motor Vehicle Code")
  • 16:2316:23, 22 December 2025 (7)2.1 First Responder Exemptions (hist | edit) [3,421 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__FORCETOC__ =(7)2.1 First Responder Exemptions= This section offers exemptions to first responders for emergency responses for Title 7 of this code. This section shall be liberally construed as promoting public safety, peace, and accountability. == (7)2.1.1 Scope == An authorized first responder, operating an emergency vehicle equipped for emergency responses, is authorized under certain circumstances in accordance with this section to temporarily bypass traffic la...")

21 December 2025

20 December 2025

  • 03:2603:26, 20 December 2025 Roleplay Laws Discord Bot (hist | edit) [1,553 bytes] Ajax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__FORCETOC__ = Roleplay Laws Discord Bot = The Roleplay Laws Discord Bot allows community leaders (or otherwise just Discord server owners) to add an automated bar verification system. == Adding the Bot == To add the bot use the link below and follow the instructions on the page: [https://discord.com/oauth2/authorize?client_id=1450145192094204079&scope=bot&permissions=378225568833 Add Bot to Server] Any server may use this free bot. == Setup == On...")

19 December 2025

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