(6)2.4.1 Kidnapping in the First Degree

A person is guilty of Kidnapping in the First Degree under this subsection if he or she willfully restrains another person:

(a) by force, threat, deception, or intimidation; and

(b) substantially interferes with the victim’s liberty by moving the victim from one place to another, or by confining the victim for a non-trivial period of time;

(c) without lawful authority or consent; and

(d) causes serious injury or death to the victim or intents to cause death to the victim; or

(e) commits this offense in furtherance of or cooperation with a criminal organization or terrorism scheme; or

(f) commits this offense against a protected worker during the lawful execution of their duties; or

(g) commits this offense with premeditation.

(h) For purposes of this subsection, “protected worker” includes, but is not limited to:

1. Physicians, nurses, emergency medical technicians, and other licensed healthcare providers;
2. Firefighters and emergency response personnel (including law enforcement officer);
3. Road construction, traffic control, and road safety workers;
4. Public transit operators;
5. Utility, infrastructure, or public works personnel performing safety-related duties.
6. Any other occupation designated by statute as requiring enhanced protection due to heightened risk while performing essential services.

(i) This subsection shall not apply to:

• lawful restraint by a parent, guardian, or custodian acting within legal authority;
• lawful arrest, detention, or medical restraint conducted in good faith and in accordance with law; or
• restraint that is merely incidental to another offense and does not independently increase the risk of harm to the victim.

Kidnapping in the First Degree is a Class A- Felony.