(2)4.2 Presumptions
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(a) A defendant is presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
(b) Any statutory presumption shall be construed as permissive unless expressly stated to be mandatory.
(c) Presumptions shall not relieve the prosecution of the burden of proof on any element of an offense.
(2)4.2.1 Construction
This section shall be construed to protect due process and shall apply to all criminal proceedings under this code unless expressly displaced by a more specific provision.